In-Depth Comparison of PMS and PMDD

 

You may have heard the synonyms – PMDD and PMS floating around – while many of us are familiar with PMS – there is new kid on the block – PMDD.

But what is PMDD and why is it such an issue?

Surely – when women are due to get their period – PMD issues always arise and this is common and normal? Isnt it? Women just naturally get cranky, upset, irritable, feel emotional, crave slat or chocolate, and feel low in energy and their moods change quickly. It’s normal to feel like this right?

In traditional Chinese medicine philosophy – the answer is NO! Before a woman gets her period – there should be no mood changes, no changes to sleep, or mood, no breast tenderness, no food cravings, no breast swelling and no increase in irritability or anger. Your period should just arrive with no pain, and no fan fare – it should just start to flow.

 

PMDD is much more severe than PMS and has dramatic impacts on a woman’s life and her overall health – it can greatly impact her overall sense of weel-being, self-esteem, her ability to do her job and interact socially.

I have written a comparison between PMS and PMDD to assist you with knowing he difference and – if while reading this article – you feel like you may suffer from either – please know that we can assist you – traditional Chinese medicine can assist to help balance the hormone levels, and anxiety, stress and digestion. We can provide natural ways to help combat the impact PMS and PMDD have on your health as well as mental and emotional health – and we do these through a variety of ways including acupuncture, Chinese herbal medicine, diet and lifestyle changes, exercise and breathing techniques.

 

Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS)

  • When it Occurs:
    • PMS typically starts 1-2 weeks before menstruation, during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle.
    • Symptoms usually resolve with the onset of menstruation or shortly thereafter.
  • Symptoms:
    • Physical:
      • Bloating
      • Breast tenderness
      • Headaches
      • Fatigue
      • Changes in sleep patterns
      • Appetite changes (e.g., cravings)
      • Joint or muscle pain
    • Emotional/Mood:
      • Irritability
      • Mild mood swings
      • Anxiety
      • Sadness or mild depression
      • Difficulty concentrating
  • Age of Onset:
    • PMS can begin at any time after menstruation starts (menarche).
    • It most commonly affects women in their late 20s to early 40s.
  • Impact on Daily Life:
    • PMS symptoms are generally mild to moderate.
    • Symptoms are typically manageable with lifestyle changes, over-the-counter medications, and sometimes prescription medications if necessary.

Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD)

  • When it Occurs:
    • PMDD begins 1-2 weeks before menstruation, during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle.
    • Symptoms typically subside a few days after menstruation starts.
  • Symptoms:
    • Physical:
      • Symptoms are similar to PMS but more intense.
      • Extreme fatigue
      • Severe bloating
      • Significant breast tenderness
    • Emotional/Mood:
      • Severe mood swings
      • Intense irritability or anger
      • Marked depression or feelings of hopelessness
      • Severe anxiety or tension
      • Feelings of being overwhelmed or out of control
      • Difficulty concentrating
      • Potential suicidal thoughts or ideation
  • Age of Onset:
    • PMDD can occur anytime after menarche.
    • It is most commonly seen in women in their late 20s to early 40s.
  • Impact on Daily Life:
    • PMDD symptoms are severe and can significantly interfere with daily activities, personal relationships, and professional responsibilities.
    • PMDD often requires medical treatment, including hormonal therapies, antidepressants, and lifestyle modifications.

Underlying Causes of PMDD:

  • Hormonal Changes:
    • Fluctuations in estrogen and progesterone levels during the menstrual cycle are believed to be a primary factor in PMDD.
    • These hormonal changes can influence neurotransmitter systems in the brain, particularly serotonin, which affects mood and emotional regulation.
  • Serotonin Dysregulation:
    • Sensitivity to hormonal changes can affect serotonin levels, a neurotransmitter involved in mood regulation.
    • Lower serotonin levels can contribute to mood swings, depression, and anxiety.
  • Genetic Factors:
    • A family history of PMDD or other mood disorders can increase the risk of developing PMDD.
    • Genetic predispositions may influence how an individual responds to hormonal changes.
  • Other Factors:
    • Stress: High levels of stress can exacerbate PMDD symptoms.
    • History of Trauma: Women with a history of trauma or abuse may be more susceptible to PMDD.
    • Lifestyle Factors: Poor diet, lack of exercise, and inadequate sleep can contribute to the severity of PMDD symptoms.

Comparison Table

Feature PMS (Premenstrual Syndrome) PMDD (Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder) Similarities
When it Occurs 1-2 weeks before menstruation 1-2 weeks before menstruation Both occur during the luteal phase
Symptoms Physical: Bloating, breast tenderness, headache, fatigue, changes in sleep patterns, appetite changes, joint or muscle pain <br> Emotional/Mood: Irritability, mild mood swings, anxiety, sadness, difficulty concentrating Physical: Similar to PMS but more severe, extreme fatigue, severe bloating, significant breast tenderness <br> Emotional/Mood: Severe mood swings, intense irritability or anger, marked depression or feelings of hopelessness, severe anxiety, feelings of being overwhelmed, difficulty concentrating, potential suicidal thoughts Both involve physical and emotional symptoms
Age of Onset Any time after menstruation starts, commonly late 20s to early 40s Any time after menarche, commonly late 20s to early 40s Can begin anytime after menarche
Severity Mild to moderate Severe Both impact daily life

 

 

Summary

While PMS and PMDD both occur during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle and share some common symptoms, PMDD is distinguished by its severity and the significant impact it has on daily functioning. PMDD’s symptoms are more intense and include severe mood disturbances that can interfere with personal relationships and professional responsibilities. Understanding these differences is crucial for appropriate diagnosis and treatment.

Management and Treatment:

  • PMS Management:
    • Lifestyle Changes: Regular exercise, a balanced diet, and adequate sleep can help manage symptoms.
    • Medications: Over-the-counter pain relievers like ibuprofen or acetaminophen can alleviate physical symptoms.
    • Stress Management: Techniques such as yoga, meditation, and deep-breathing exercises can reduce stress and anxiety.
    • Supplements: Calcium, magnesium, and vitamin B6 supplements may help some women.
  • PMDD Management:
    • Medications: Antidepressants, particularly SSRIs (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors), can be effective. Hormonal treatments like birth control pills may also help.
    • Lifestyle Changes: Similar to PMS, regular exercise, a healthy diet, and good sleep hygiene are beneficial.
    • Counselling and Therapy: Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and other forms of counselling can help manage severe mood symptoms.
    • Stress Management: Stress reduction techniques are crucial and can include mindfulness, yoga, and other relaxation methods.
    • Nutritional Supplements: Some women find relief with calcium, magnesium, and vitamin B6, but it’s essential to consult a healthcare provider before starting any supplements.

Understanding the differences between PMS and PMDD, as well as their respective management strategies, can help individuals better cope with and treat these conditions. It’s essential to consult with a healthcare provider for an accurate diagnosis and personalized treatment plan.

 

Traditional Chinese Medicine can assist with PMDD and PMS issues using a variety of treatments:

  • Acupuncture
  • Chinese herbal Medicine
  • Diet and lifestyle changes
  • Breathing and exercise routines

Let’s delve deeper into how TCM can assist with PMDD and PMS.

 

1. Herbal Medicine

Key Herbs for PMS and PMDD:

  • Dong Quai (Angelica sinensis): Often called the “female ginseng,” Dong Quai is used to tonify and regulate the menstrual cycle. It helps to balance hormones and relieve menstrual pain.
  • Chai Hu (Bupleurum): This herb is known for its ability to harmonize the liver and alleviate emotional symptoms such as irritability and mood swings. It can help relieve the stress that often accompanies PMS and PMDD.
  • Xiang Fu (Cyperus rotundus): Xiang Fu is used to regulate menstrual flow and relieve abdominal pain. It also helps to smooth the liver Qi, which can reduce emotional disturbances.
  • Shu Di Huang (Rehmannia glutinosa): This herb nourishes the blood and is often used in combination with other herbs to support menstrual health and reduce fatigue.

2. Acupuncture

Benefits of Acupuncture for PMS and PMDD:

  • Balancing Qi and Blood Flow: Acupuncture helps regulate the flow of Qi (energy) and blood in the body, which can alleviate symptoms such as cramps, bloating, and mood swings.
  • Hormonal Regulation: Certain acupuncture points are thought to influence hormonal balance and reproductive health, potentially easing symptoms like breast tenderness and irregular cycles.
  • Stress Reduction: Acupuncture can help lower stress levels by promoting relaxation and reducing the levels of stress hormones in the body, which can be particularly beneficial for managing the emotional aspects of PMS and PMDD.

3. Dietary Therapy

Dietary Recommendations in TCM:

  • Nourishing Foods: Consuming foods that nourish the liver and spleen, such as leafy greens, carrots, and beets, can help to regulate the menstrual cycle and reduce symptoms.
  • Avoiding Cold and Raw Foods: TCM suggests that cold and raw foods may exacerbate symptoms by weakening digestion and causing stagnation. Instead, opt for cooked, warm meals that are easier to digest.
  • Balancing Flavors: Incorporating a balance of sweet, sour, bitter, and pungent flavours in your diet can help harmonize the body’s energy and alleviate PMS symptoms. For example, eating a bit of sour foods like citrus can help relieve mood swings and digestive issues.

4. Lifestyle Adjustments

Key Lifestyle Recommendations:

  • Regular Exercise: Engaging in moderate physical activity can improve circulation, reduce stress, and alleviate symptoms of PMS and PMDD. Activities like walking, swimming, and yoga can be particularly beneficial.
  • Adequate Sleep: Ensuring you get enough restful sleep each night helps regulate hormones and improve overall well-being. Aim for a consistent sleep schedule and create a calming bedtime routine.
  • Stress Management: Techniques such as meditation, deep breathing exercises, and Tai Chi can help manage stress and balance emotions, which is crucial for managing PMS and PMDD.

5. Qi Gong and Tai Chi

Benefits of Qi Gong and Tai Chi:

  • Energy Flow: Both Qi Gong and Tai Chi focus on the smooth flow of Qi throughout the body. Regular practice can help balance energy, improve mood, and alleviate physical discomfort.
  • Stress Reduction: These gentle exercises promote relaxation and mental clarity, which can help mitigate the emotional symptoms of PMS and PMDD.
  • Physical Health: Improving overall physical health through these practices can help alleviate symptoms such as fatigue, bloating, and muscle tension.

Consulting a TCM Practitioner

For the most effective treatment, it’s important to consult with a qualified TCM practitioner who can assess your symptoms, overall health, and lifestyle. They will develop a personalized treatment plan combining herbal remedies, acupuncture, dietary advice, and lifestyle modifications tailored to your needs.

By addressing PMS and PMDD through a holistic approach, TCM aims to restore balance and harmony in the body, potentially offering relief from both physical and emotional symptoms.

 

I hope that you have found this article useful in understanding the difference between PMDD and PMS and how Western Medicine and Chinese Medicine approach the two.

Integration between Western medicine and Chinese medicine and working holistically and synergistically with each other enables women to have the best outcomes to assist them on their path to improving their overall health and well-being – as well as gaining an in-depth understanding of their bodies.

 

If you would like more information – please give us a call on 0142 789 772.

 

If you would like assistance – Dr Julia has available appointments to assist you – if booking online – please choose the Initail Female Hormone appointment –  BOOK your appointment here!

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